Sutton disease II is characterized by the recurring eruption of painful inflamed ulcers in the mouth (stomatitis). There may be multiple ulcers of varying sizes. These ulcers in the mouth are commonly called canker sores. Sutton disease II is also...

Balantidiasis is a rare intestinal infection caused by the bacterium, Balantidium coli, a single celled parasite (ciliate protozoan) that frequently infects pigs but on occasion (rarely) infects humans. Some infected people may have no symptoms or...

Canker sores, also known as aphthous ulcers, are small, painful sores that develop on the inside of the mouth, on the gums, or on the tongue. They are usually round or oval in shape and have a white or yellow center with a red border. Canker sores...

Celiac disease, sometimes called celiac sprue or gluten-sensitive enteropathy, i...

Chilblains (CHILL-blayns) are the painful inflammation of small blood vessels in your skin that occur in response to repeated exposure to cold but not freezing air. Also known as pernio, chilblains can cause itching, red patches, swelling and blis...

Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) of unknown cause. It is characterized by chronic inflammation and ulceration of the lining of the major portion of the large intestine (colon). In most affected individuals, the lowest regi...

Cryptococcus is a fungus that is found in soil all over the world, usually in association with bird droppings. Cryptococcus neoformans is the most common Cryptococcus species that causes illness in humans. Cryptococcus gattii, a less common specie...

Cyclic neutropenia is a rare blood disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of abnormally low levels of certain white blood cells (neutrophils) in the body. Neutrophils are instrumental in fighting off infection by surrounding and destroying b...

Neuropathy is damage to nerves, and diabetic neuropathy is damage to nerves that occurs as a result of diabetes. Diabetes is thought to damage nerves as a result of prolonged elevated levels of blood glucose. Diabetic neuropathy can affect differe...

Bejel is an infectious disease that is rare in the United States but common in certain parts of the world. The infection is very similar to syphilis but is not sexually transmitted. Most frequently, transmission is by means of non-sexual skin cont...

Erythroplakia is a condition characterized by red patches or lesions on the mucous membranes of the mouth, throat, or other areas of the body. These patches are often smooth, velvety, and may bleed easily when touched. Erythroplakia is considered ...

If frequent gas has you concerned, it may help to know what's happening in your body. Do you constantly burp, pass gas, or feel bloated? The body naturally produces gas, and produces even more if you eat certain foods, particularly...

Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted disease caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV). HSV causes genital herpes by entering the skin or mucous membranes through microscopic breaks in the skin and mucous membranes. Genital...

Acquired agranulocytosis is a rare, drug-induced blood disorder that is characterized by a severe reduction in the number of white blood cells (granulocytes) in the circulating blood. The name granulocyte refers to grain-like bodies within the cel...

Behcet's syndrome is a rare multisystem inflammatory disorder characterized by ulcers affecting the mouth and genitals, various skin lesions, and abnormalities affecting the eyes. Symptoms include mucous membrane lesions of the mouth (canker sores...

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic condition characterized by swollen, painful lesions, occurring in the armpit (axillae), groin, anal, and breast regions. This disease occurs due to obstruction of hair follicles and secondary infection an...

Hidradenitis suppurativa (hi-drad-uh-NIE-tis sup-yoo-ruh-TIE-vuh) is rare, long-term skin condition that features small, painful lumps under the skin. They typically develop where the skin rubs together, such as the armpits, the groin, between the...

The hereditary sensory neuropathies (HSN) include 4-6 similar but distinct inherited degenerative disorders of the nervous system (neurodegenerative) that frequently progress to loss of feeling, especially in the hands and feet. The classification...

Dyspepsia (indigestion) facts Dyspepsia is a functional disease in which the gastrointestinal organs, primarily the stomach and first part of the small intestine, function abnormally. It is a chronic disease in which the symptoms fl...

Congenital generalized fibromatosis (CGF) is a pediatric condition that is often now referred to as "infantile myofibromatosis" (IM). It is characterized by the formation of single or multiple noncancerous (benign) tumors that appear to be derived...

Intestinal gas, a buildup of air in the digestive tract, is usually not noticed until you burp or pass it rectally (flatulence). The entire digestive tract, from the stomach to the rectum, contains intestinal gas as the natural result of swallowin...

Leukoplakia is a condition characterized by thick, white patches that form on the mucous membranes of the mouth and sometimes the throat. These patches are caused by an overgrowth of cells and are often a result of chronic irritation or inflammati...

Mouth sores, also known as canker sores or aphthous ulcers, are small, painful lesions that develop on the inside of the mouth, including the lips, cheeks, gums, and tongue. They can be white or yellow in color and are often surrounded by a red bo...

Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (NUG), also known as trench mouth, is a severe form of gum disease characterized by painful, bleeding gums, ulcers, and necrosis (death) of gum tissue. It is caused by a bacterial infection, typically associated w...

Buerger's disease, also known as thromboangiitis obliterans, is a rare disorder that, in most cases, affects young or middle-aged male cigarette smokers. It is characterized by narrowing or blockage (occlusion) of the veins and arteries of the ext...

Oral leukoplakia is a condition characterized by thick, white patches or plaques that form on the inside of the mouth, typically on the cheeks, gums, or tongue. These patches cannot be scraped off and may be rough or slightly raised. ...

Oral pyogenic granuloma, also known as pregnancy tumor or granuloma gravidarum, is a common benign growth that occurs in the oral cavity. It is characterized by a small, red, or pink, raised bump that can bleed easily. It is typically painless but...

Pyogenic granuloma is a common type of non-cancerous skin growth that is typically small, red, and raised. It is also known as lobular capillary hemangioma. Pyogenic granulomas can develop on the skin or mucous membranes, such as the gums. They ar...

Aplasia Cutis Congenita is a rare disorder with a complicated pattern of inheritance. Babies are born with the absence of certain layer(s) of skin, most often on the scalp, but also on the trunk, and/or arms and legs. The affected area is typicall...

Scleroderma is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes the skin and connective tissues to become thickened and hardened. Oral scleroderma specifically refers to the involvement of the mouth and oral cavity in the disease. This can manifest as tig...

Stomatitis is a general term for inflammation of the mucous lining of the mouth, which can result in painful sores or ulcers. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including viral or bacterial infections, autoimmune disorders, allergies, or ir...

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by an infection with bacteria known as Treponema pallidum. Like other STDs, syphilis can be spread by any type of sexual contact. Syphilis can also be spread from an infected mother to the fe...

Cutaneous necrotizing vasculitis (CNV) is characterized by inflammation and tissue damage (necrosis) of blood vessel walls (lumen) and associated skin (cutaneous) lesions. CNV may be a primary disease process or occur as a result of, or in associa...